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To transfuse or not to transfuse premature infants” is still one of debatable issues in neonatal care that has not been completely solved. Recognizing hemodynamically significant (HS) anemia might be part of t...
Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a common treatment-related complication in pediatric cancer patients with substantial morbidities and mortalities. Previous studies reported that neutrophil CD64 (n CD64) had higher...
Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) is a clinical syndrome marked by the sudden onset of muscle weakness or paralysis, requiring immediate medical intervention due to its potential for significant morbidity and mort...
Glutaric aciduria type I (GA-I) is an autosomal recessive disorder affecting the metabolism of lysine, hydroxylysine, and tryptophan. Patients present in the first age of life with an irreversible motor disord...
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) has been increasingly appreciated as a cause of lower respiratory tract infection among children. The purpose of this paper is to determine the radiographic and clinical features o...
To explore the impact of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on in-hospital outcomes in children hospitalized for asthma exacerbations.
WITKOS is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by heterozygous loss-of-function variants in the 15q24.1 - q24.2 region, includeing switch-insensitive 3 transcription regulator family member A (SIN3 A). It...
To assess the relationship between perinatal factors, and echocardiographic left ventricular (LV) dimensions after delivery in infants who are large for gestational age (LGA).
To explore the predictive value of lung ultrasound score (LUS) in weaning from mechanical ventilation in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).
The Omicron variant has heightened COVID- 19 infections among children under six, emphasizing the need to understand the role of parental immunization and demographic factors in disease transmission within hou...
In Europe, resident doctors are not provided with standardized educational modules on pain management (PM) and pediatric palliative care (PPC).
Molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) is a developmental dental condition that causes defects in the enamel of the first molars and permanent incisors. The aim of the present study was to assess possible caus...
To analyze the clinical characteristics of children with adenoviral pneumonia, identify independent risk factors for early prediction of plastic bronchiolitis (PB), and develop a predictive nomogram.
Necrotizing tonsillitis is rare and may lead to life-threatening upper airway obstruction in children, requiring emergency airway management.
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) on cardiac function in children and compare the effectiveness of tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and two-dimensional speckle tracking...
Eating behaviors in early childhood are crucial for long-term health and weight management. Behavioral interventions grounded in social and family dynamics may play a pivotal role in improving these habits. Th...
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is a common disease both in children and adults, but can lead to several complications; involvement of the blood system is often described, particularly neutropenia and throm...
Vaccination against influenza is the major primary preventive measure to reduce the major health and economic burden of influenza infections. Children aged 6 months to five years, have been identified as the h...
The aspiration of gastric residual volume through the gastric tube increases the risk of feed interruption episodes, prolongs the time needed to achieve full enteral feeding and regai...
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) causes chronic infection in more than half of the population worldwide. Accumulating body of evidence indicates the possible role of H. Pylori infection in extra-intestinal health ...
Abnormal stress in cranial sutures is strongly related to deformational plagiocephaly (DP) and is responsible for morphological changes in the skull, facial asymmetry, and abnormal facial tension. To evaluate ...
Post-COVID Condition (PCC), emerging as a significant long-term consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, affects not only adults but also the pediatric population. Despite ongoing research, the precise pathophysio...
Previous studies have suggested that factors such as the treatment interval and aetiology may influence the initial response rate to first-line treatment for infantile epileptic spasms syndrome (IESS). However...
A significant proportion of Kawasaki disease (KD) patients suffer from intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) resistance after initial IVIG treatment, which results in persistent coronary artery injury. This study ...
Autosomal recessive mental retardation-52(MRT52) is a subtype of mental retardation whose clinical features include global developmental delay, severe intellectual disability with poor speech, and mild seizure...
Neurodevelopmental deficits(NDs) frequently occur in patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD) because of the hemodynamic abnormalities. We aimed to evaluate white matter(WM) microstructural chang...
There is currently no established optimal anticoagulation protocol for plasma exchange (PE) in pediatric patients at a high risk of bleeding. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of regional...
The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of olfactory stimuli from breast and formula milk on near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) cerebral and splanchnic patterns in late preterm infants.
Increasing evidence indicates a substantial correlation between the immune cells and the risk of allergic purpura. We utilized Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate causal effect of immune cell on allerg...
Co-infections in pertussis patients are common, but there has been limited research on the distribution of co-infecting pathogens and their impact on disease severity in infant patients remaining unvaccinated ...
Nephropathic Cystinosis is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder. In addition to kidney dysfunction, this disorder can also affect other organs, such as the eyes, thyroid, muscles, and central ...
To ensure wide implementation of the Concussion in Sport Group (CISG) recommendations beyond English-speaking countries, the availability of recommended concussion assessment tools in other languages is a key ...
Although multiple risk factors have been reported for adverse outcomes in children with severe pertussis, their predictive values and the benefits of interventions such as exchange transfusion remain poorly un...
Eating disorders (EDs) are known as chronic mental disorders that can cause adverse physical and mental effects and affect different age groups, including children, and disrupt their growth and development. Ba...
Kawasaki Disease Shock Syndrome (KDSS) represents a severe manifestation of Kawasaki Disease (KD). In recent years, logistic regression prediction models have gained widespread application in forecasting the o...
Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) is a rare and severe chronic pulmonary condition in children following an injury to lower respiratory tract lesion. Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) is the second etiology of po...
This study primarily evaluated the effects of vigorous-intensity exercises on working memory and inhibitory control in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Search for eligible studies...
Congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) belongs to rare lung abnormalities which may result in poor lung development outcomes. However, the etiology of CPAM has not been well described.
Sinusitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the paranasal sinuses. Bacterial sinusitis usually occurs as a complication of viral infections of the upper respiratory tract and is a frequent cause of ...
Children with Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) frequently undergo rapid fluctuations in their health status, imposing significant strain on their caregivers. This study aimed to evaluate the social support availab...
Our survey aimed to compare information on respiratory care in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) in Italy and in the European and Mediterranean region.
Adoptive children, who have often experienced inadequate healthcare, malnutrition, and exposure to infectious diseases in their countries of origin, are vulnerable to a range of health problems among which ane...
Neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by extremely different phenotypes, sometimes including reduced bone mass. The underlying cause of bone impairment in these patient...
Infants born to mothers with autoimmune thyroiditis (AT) could be at risk of developing thyroid dysfunction, and maternal anti-thyroid antibodies have been shown to have a clinical impact on offspring. We aime...
To establish a decision tree model of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(MPP) complicated with plastic bronchitis(PB) in children, and to explore the application value of decision tree model in the auxiliary diag...
This study examines the relationship between early postnatal nutrition, fluid management in preterm infants, and the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). A comprehensive review was conducted across multip...
Severe spinal deformity (Cobb angle > 90°) often leads to cardiopulmonary dysfunction, posing significant surgical risks. We report a rare case of severe kyphoscoliosis with cardiopulmonary failure treated wit...
Child nutrition in Ethiopia is a significant concern, particularly for preschool-aged children. Children must have a varied diet to ensure they receive all the essential nutrients for good health. Unfortunatel...
Pediatric endocrinology has developed enormously over the last 30 years. Many conditions followed-up are rare and/or chronic complex diseases requiring a high level of expertise. Therefore, defining pediatric ...
The original article was published in Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2025 51:2
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