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Kawasaki disease (KD) primarily affects young children and can lead to coronary artery lesions. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment is essential; however, it may fail in 10-20% of cases, increasing the...
Intracardiac thrombus (ICT) is the rarest yet most severe complication of severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (SMPP) in children. This study aims to elucidate the clinical characteristics of patients with SMPP...
Generalized Pustular Psoriasis (GPP) is an autoinflammatory, multisystemic disease, characterized by widespread eruption of neutrophilic pustules on erythematous base, accompanied by systemic symptoms such as ...
Early administration of reading, writing and math standardised tests allows us to assess the risk of developing a learning disorder and to plan a specific intervention. The ease of access to technological tool...
The use of antiseizure medication in patients with epilepsy is one of the significant risk factors associated with abnormal vitamin D status. We aimed to identify risk factors related to hypovitaminosis D in p...
Mature oral feeding is a complex function involving numerous muscles and nerves, typically developing between the postmenstrual age of 34–36 weeks in newborn infants. The objective of this study was to analyze...
Autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs) in children can negatively impact renal function, potentially leading to acute kidney injury (AKI). This study compares the prevalence of AKI and other adverse in-hospital ...
Hypertension has recently shown a rapid rise in prevalence among children and adolescents. It can track into adulthood and tend to manifest at an earlier age. It should be prevented urgently and efficiently.
There’s an increasing role of nailfold capillaroscopy in the evaluation of peripheral vascular disease in chronic inflammatory disorders. Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is one such disorder, which raises c...
Bronchiolitis is the most frequent lower respiratory tract infection and a leading cause of hospitalization in infants. Our aim was to assess the incidence and characteristics of bronchiolitis requiring hospit...
There is no known effective treatment strategy to prevent relapses and avert permanent neurological sequelae in opsoclonus–myoclonus syndrome (OMS). To describe the treatment strategy that reduced relapses and...
Respiratory tract infection (RTI) has been a predominant health problem worldwide, including Ethiopia. It is one of the major causes of under-five mortality in Ethiopia, accountable for 18% of total deaths. Na...
Houge type of X-linked syndromic mental retardation (MRXSHG) is a type of X-linked condition which is mainly manifested as delayed development, mental retardation, epilepsy that begins at an early age, and del...
Intracranial abscess (IA) is a rare disorder in childhood. Clinical manifestations of brain abscess include headache, fever, and focal neurological deficits. This study aimed to examine the demographic, clinic...
The developing countries represented by China have huge population potential and child population. However, due to economic and social development constraints, pediatrics need help regarding resources and tech...
Childhood epilepsy is a common neurological syndrome with complex etiology and recurrent seizures. It seriously affects the growth and development of child patients.
The timely initiation of trophic feeding (TF) is crucial for premature newborns, but challenging due to immaturity, respiratory instability, abdominal distension, resource scarcity, and healthcare worker exper...
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-mediated bronchiolitis causes a significant global health burden. Despite this, for several years, the only approved agent for RSV prophylaxis was the anti-RSV monoclonal anti...
The Correction to this article has been published in Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2025 51:46
Pediatric septic shock is a critical condition associated with high mortality rates, largely due to sepsis-induced immunosuppression. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has been explored...
Multiple studies have reported that infectious pneumonia can induce the production of plastic casts, which threatens children's health. We explored the characteristics of plastic bronchitis (PB) in clinical pr...
In infants, the acquisition of all motor milestones is considered an expression of correct motor development during the first months of life. An association between typical motor development of the newborn and...
Chronic Nonbacterial Osteomyelitis (CNO) is a rare auto-inflammatory disease that mainly affects children, and manifests with single or multiple painful bone lesions. Due to the lack of specific laboratory mar...
The variety of shocks in neonates, if not recognized and treated immediately, is a major cause for fatality. The use of echocardiography may improve assessment and treatment, but its reference values across ge...
Atraumatic avascular necrosis (AVN) is a severe condition that may complicate the course of rheumatic diseases and contribute to long-term damage. However, there is a lack of evidence on this rare event in ped...
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a complex disease that negatively impacts the social and academic/occupational activities of children and is more common in boys than in girls.
Severe pulmonary infection is the primary cause of death in children aged < 5 years. The early identification of pathogenic bacteria and targeted anti-infective therapies can significantly improve the prognosi...
Exogenous foreign body aspiration is a common high-risk condition in children. In a few cases, foreign body aspiration can lead to airway granulomas that interfere with tracheoscopic foreign body removal and t...
Recent studies have emphasized the association between prolonged screen exposure and neurodevelopmental disorders, though its correlation with tic disorders (TDs) remains ambiguous. We thus conducted this stud...
The PalliPed project is a nationwide, observational, cross-sectional study designed with the aim of providing a constantly updated national database for the census and monitoring of specialized pediatric palli...
Both psychogenic pseudosyncope (PPS) and vasovagal syncope (VVS) in children and adolescents are diseases of transient loss of consciousness. It is difficult to distinguish them clinically. This paper will stu...
Pompe disease is a rare genetic disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme acid alpha-glucosidase. This condition leads to muscle weakness, respiratory problems, and heart abnormalities in affected individu...
Under-five mortality and malnutrition are more common in many low- and middle-income countries, highlighting the grave consequences of improper nutrition for children. Infants that continue to be exclusively b...
This study aimed to describe the epidemiological trends of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection among children with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, and e...
Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) has been postulated as a useful inflammatory biomarker in the prediction of complications in different pediatric diseases. Our aim is to analyze the predictive value of NLR...
This study aimed to investigate deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) copy number variations (CNVs) in children with neurodevelopmental disorders and their association with craniofacial abnormalities.
To explore the effect of non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs) on respiratory pathogen profiles among hospitalized infants aged 0–3 months in Beijing during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
In recent months, Bordetella pertussis has reappeared after maintaining a low rate for many years. Although pertussis is usually characterized by a favorable course, several factors can contribute to the severity...
Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) is a congenital disorder characterized by multiple joint involvement, primarily affecting limb mobility and leading to various tissue contractures. Variations in the RIPK4
Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartic receptor encephalitis (Anti-NMDAR encephalitis) is the most prevalent form of autoimmune encephalitis in pediatric patients. Autonomic dysfunction is a frequent symptom of Anti-NMDAR e...
Human adenovirus is an infectious agent that causes respiratory infections in adults and children. It has been found that immunocompromised children are highly susceptible to this pathogen, as it can swiftly e...
Rare bleeding disorders (RBDs) include fibrinogen (Factor I), prothrombin (Factor II), Factor V(FV), combined Factor V and Factor VIII, Factor VII, Factor X, Factor XI, Factor XII, and Factor XIII deficiencies...
Angioedema is a condition marked by sudden, intense swelling of the subcutaneous and submucosal tissues, typically associated with hypersensitivity reactions, genetic mutations, or reactions to medications. It...
The Correction to this article has been published in Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2025 51:89
The issue of retreatment with surfactant of infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) has been poorly investigated. Our aim was to identify possible clinical predictors of the need for multiple doses of...
The use of video games in rehabilitation settings is gaining increasing popularity. However, the lack of commercial video games suitable for children with disabilities and the disappointing user experience of ...
From a taxonomic point of view, Hymenoptera are subclassified into families: Apidae, including honeybees (Apis mellifera) and bumblebees (Bombus), and Vespidae, which, in turn, are divided into the subfamilies of...
Parvovirus B19 (B19V) is a significant pathogen responsible for a wide range of clinical manifestations, particularly in children and pregnant women. While B19V is most commonly recognized as the cause of Fift...
Globally antibiotics are among the most commonly used drugs. Non-prescription use of antibiotics is a major factor for the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance one of the top global public health a...
The original article was published in Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2023 49:156
The Child Opportunity Index (COI) is a new and innovative tool designed to assess the environment in which children grow up, offering a broad evaluation of the opportunities available to them in different neig...
SARS-CoV-2’s potential consequences on the developing brain are still unknown. The aim of this study was to describe cranial ultrasonographic (cUS) findings in a population of newborns exposed to SARS-CoV-2 bo...
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