Table 1 Respiratory stabilization strategies in the delivery room

Respiratory stabilization strategy at birth for a spontaneously breathing 23^+ 0- 24^+ 6weeker

Italy (n.90)*

Europe (n.269)**

p

NCPAP

35 (38.9)

108 (40.1)

NIPPV

19 (21.1)

51 (19.0)

Synchronized NIPPV

6 (6.7)

15 (5.6)

NBiPAP

4 (4.4)

14 (5.2)

Nasal High Flow Therapy (nHFT)

0 (0.0)

2 (0.7)

Invasive ventilation

26 (28.9)

74 (27.5)

Resuscitation not initiated at these GA

0 (0.0)

5 (1.8)

p = 0.835

Respiratory stabilization strategy at birth for a spontaneously breathing 25^+ 0- 27^+ 6weeker

NCPAP

57 (63.3)

178 (66.2)

NIPPV

21 (23.3)

44 (16.4)

Synchronized NIPPV

5 (5.6)

16 (5.9)

NBiPAP

6 (6.7)

21 (7.8)

Nasal High Flow Therapy (nHFT)

0 (0.0)

2 (0.7)

Invasive ventilation

1 (1.1)

8 (3.0)

p = 0.603

Pulmonary recruitment manoeuvre used during stabilization of preterm infants

None

27 (30.0)

85 (31.6)

Sustained Lung Inflation

4 (4.4)

40 (14.9)

Incremental CPAP/PEEP trial

33 (36.7)

88 (32.7)

Incremental/decremental CPAP/PEEP trial

24 (26.7)

52 (19.3)

• Initial CPAP/PEEP level (cmH₂O)

5.4 (0.8)

5.4 (0.9)

0.84

• Max CPAP/PEEP level (cmH₂O)

8.0 (1.0)

8.3 (1.1)

0.18

Decremental CPAP/PEEP trial

2 (2.2)

4 (1.5)

Other

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

p = 0.082

CPAP/PEEP level set during non-invasive ventilation (NIV) for stabilization

CPAP/PEEP (cmH₂O)

5.8 (0.7)

5.9 (1.0)

0.45

Delivery Room surfactant administration strategies (multiple choice)

Italy (n.73)°

Europe (n.240)°°

Conventional mode (= intubation + MV)

32 (43.8)

164 (68.3)

0.002

INSURE

59 (80.8)

174 (72.5)

0.24

INRECSURE

22 (30.1)

10 (4.2)

< 0.001

LISA /MIST

39 (53.4)

183 (76.2)

0.03

Laryngeal mask

1 (1.4)

3 (1.2)

0.93

Pharyngeal instillation

0 (0.0)

2 (0.8)

0.44