Table 2 Newcastle-Ottawa scale for assessing the quality of studies in meta-analysis
Study quality of cohort studies | Selection | Comparability | Outcome | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Author | Representativeness of the exposed cohort | Selection of the non-exposed cohort | Ascertainment of exposure | Demonstration that outcome of interest was not present at start of study | Comparability of cohorts on the basis of the design or analysis | Assessment of outcome | Was follow-up long enough for outcomes to occur | Adequacy of follow up of cohorts | Total scores |
Lin 2024 [9] | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★★ | ★ | 7 | ||
Lin 2022 [11] | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★★ | ★ | 7 | ||
Milanesi 2021 [13] | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | 7 | |
Ding 2020 [15] | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | 8 |
Jebawi 2020 [3] | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | 8 |
Alshaikh 2017 [18] | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | 7 | |
Lehtinen 2017 [19] | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | 7 | |
Study quality of case-control studies | Selection | Comparability | Exposure | Total scores | |||||
Author | Adequate definition of cases | Representativeness of the cases | Selection of controls | Definition of controls | Control for important factor | Ascertainment of exposure | Same method of ascertainment for cases and controls | No responserate | Scores |
Xu 2023 [10] | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | 7 | |
Li 2022 [12] | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | 8 |
Xu 2021 [14] | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | 7 | |
Malikiwi 2019 [17] | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | 8 |