Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies
Study | Methods | BPD/Non-BPD | Country | Feeding methods | Nutrition guidelines | Main outcomes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sample | Gestational age (x ± s, weeks) | Birth weight (x ± s, g) | ||||||
Lin 2024 [9] | Retrospective cohort study | 250/250 | 29.5 ± 1.3/29.5 ± 1.3 | 1107 ± 258, 1324 ± 261 | China | Enteral, parenteral | Not available | Calorie and fluid intake at 1 week postnatal period |
Xu 2023 [10] | Retrospective case-control study | 79/73 | 29.85 ± 1.48/29.94 ± 1.51 | 1173 ± 267, 1275 ± 235 | China | parenteral | Not available | Calorie, fluid, and macronutrient intake values at 1 week postnatal period |
Lin 2022 [11] | Retrospective cohort study | 43/91 | 26 (25;27 + 2), 27 + 3 (26 + 5;28 + 4) | 813 ± 120, 936 ± 123 | China | Enteral, parenteral | ESPHGAN | Calorie, fluid, and macronutrient intake values at 2 week postnatal period |
Li 2022 [12] | Retrospective case-control study | 60/97 | 29.1(26.7–31.7), 30.2(27.1–31.9) | 1215 (790–1490), 1320 (1020–1490) | China | Not available | Not available | Fluid intake during the postnatal week |
Milanesi 2021 [13] | Prospective cohort study | 16/62 | 26.8 ± 2.5, 29.4 ± 1.9 | 851 ± 244, 1264 ± 343 | Brazil | Enteral, parenteral | ESPHGAN | Calorie, fluid, and macronutrient intake in the first month of life |
Xu 2021 [14] | Retrospective case-control study | 86/68 | 28.35 ± 1.55, 30.12 ± 1.23 | 1050.91 ± 190.6, 1205.88 ± 195.83 | China | Enteral, parenteral | 2015 Canadian VLBWI Feeding Guidelines + 2013 Chinese Neonatal Nutritional Support Clinical Application Guidelines | Calorie, fluid, and macronutrient intake values at 2 week postnatal period |
Ding 2020 [15] | prospective cohort study | 30/42 | 29.76 ± 1.54, 30.28 ± 1.2 | 1305.00 ± 315.76, 1391.67 ± 231.81 | China | Enteral, parenteral | Not available | Calorie and fluid intake on days 3, 7, 14, and 28 postnatally |
Jebawi 2020 [16] | retrospective cohort study | 151/75 | 24.7 ± 1.7, 26.8 ± 2.0 | 678 ± 154, 837 ± 129 | USA | Enteral, parenteral | NICU guidelines | Calorie, fluid, and macronutrient intake values at 1 week postnatal period |
Malikiwi 2019 [17] | Retrospective case-control study | 33/33 | 25.6 ± 1.1, 26.4 ± 1.1 | 748.6 ± 127.1, 831.0 ± 102.9 | Australia | Enteral, parenteral | Not available | Calorie, fluid, and macronutrient intake in the first month of life |
Alshaikh 2017 [18] | retrospective cohort study | 125/108 | 25.9 ± 1.4, 26.9 ± 1.2 | 832 ± 191, 1028 ± 206 | Canada | Enteral, parenteral | Not available | Calorie, fluid, and protein intake values at 1 week postnatally |
Lehtinen 2017 [19] | prospective cohort study | 21/32 | 28.6407 ± 7.1553, 30.0683 ± 6.9843 | 1018.025 ± 663.8531, 1095.9766 ± 636.3479 | Finland | Enteral, parenteral | Not available | Calorie, and fluid intake at 1-week postnatal period |