Fig. 3

Sphingolipid metabolism disruption in the serum of pediatric ALL patients. (A) Metabolic pathways of sphingolipids, including key enzymes FASN (fatty acid synthase), SPT (serine palmitoyltransferase), KDSR (3-keto-dihydrosphingosine reductase), CerS (ceramide synthase), DES (dihydroceramide desaturase), SMase (sphingomyelinase), SMS (sphingomyelin synthase), CPES (ceramide phosphoethanolamine synthase), Gba, (glucocerebrosidase), and GCS (glucosylceramide synthase). The blue box highlighted differential sphingolipids detected in this study, while the orange oval represented the enzymes involved in the metabolism of sphingolipids; Histograms showing differentially expressed (B) ceramides, (C) sphingomyelin, (D) hexosylceramide, and (E) ceramide phosphoethanolamine between ALL patients and control subjects. The relative abundance of each lipid was demonstrated by the Log10. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; **** p < 0.0001