Childhood occasional hypertension and its association with size at birth and early growth: a population-based retrospective cohort study from China

Table 1 Rates of occasional hypertension at 5 ~ 6 years old according to different categories of characteristics

	Sample Size	SBP ≥ P₉₅		DBP ≥ P₉₅		OHTN
		Rate	P value	Rate	P value	Rate	P value
Paternal BMI			0.015		0.001		0.001
< 24 kg/m²	4,364	9.7		8.7		15.5
≥24 kg/m²	8,200	11.1		10.7		17.8
Maternal BMI			< 0.001		< 0.001		< 0.001
< 24 kg/m²	10,044	9.9		9.3		16.0
≥ 24 kg/m²	2,520	13.3		12.6		20.8
Family income			0.226		0.341		0.252
< 5,000 RMB	1,734	11.7		11.0		18.3
5000 ~ < 10,000 RMB	5,402	10.6		9.8		16.8
≥ 10,000 RMB	5,311	10.2		9.8		16.7
Residential region			< 0.001		< 0.001		< 0.001
Urban	4,550	10.4		10.5		17.3
Sub-urban	2,746	14.5		13.1		23.2
Rural	2,625	5.5		8.2		11.1
New urban	2,643	12.1		7.6		15.9
Delivery mode			0.004		< 0.001		< 0.001
Vaginal delivery	4,912	9.6		8.5		15.0
Cesarean section	7,652	11.2		11.0		18.2
Infant feeding pattern			0.842		0.019		0.288
Exclusive breastfeeding	5,362	10.8		9.1		16.4
Mixed feeding	6,684	10.4		10.7		17.4
Exclusive formula feeding	434	10.8		10.4		18.2
Sex			0.009		0.002		0.001
Boys	6,561	11.3		10.8		18.1
Girls	6,003	9.9		9.1		15.7
Age			0.172		0.006		0.023
5 ~ < 6 years	5,182	11.1		10.9		17.9
6 ~ < 7 years	7,382	10.3		9.4		16.3
Birth weight group			0.308		0.098		0.112
SGA	614	12.4		11.9		19.9
AGA	9,765	10.5		10.1		16.9
LGA	2,185	10.8		9.1		16.3
BMI at 2 years old			< 0.001		0.013		< 0.001
< 10th	420	10.5		8.3		16.4
10th ~ < 75th	6,539	9.2		9.4		15.5
≥ 75th	5,605	12.3		10.8		18.8
BMI at 5 ~ 6 years old			< 0.001		< 0.001		< 0.001
< -2SD	246	4.9		5.3		8.9
-2SD ~ < 2SD	11,042	9.2		8.7		15.1
≥ 2SD	1,276	24.1		21.9		34.4

Occasional hypertension was defined as SBP ≥ P₉₅ or DBP ≥ P₉₅
SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; OHTN: occasional hypertension; BMI, body mass index; SGA, small for gestational age; AGA, appropriate for gestational age; LGA, large for gestational age; SD, standard deviation

ISSN: 1824-7288