Changes in infant respiratory pathogens pre-, during, and post-COVID-19 non-pharmacological interventions in Beijing

Table 4 Changes in respiratory pathogens before, during, and after the epidemic

	Before NPI implementation (431)	During NPI implementation (434)	After NPI release (319)	χ² Value	P Value
Flu A	4 (0.9)	2 (0.5)	13 (4.1)ab	17.177	0.000
Flu B	1 (0.2)	7 (1.6)	1 (0.3)	5.448	0.065*
PIV	15 (3.5)	23 (5.3)	31 (9.7)ab	13.345	0.001
RSV	117 (27.1)	129 (29.7)	92 (28.8)	0.723	0.697
SARS-COV-2	0	13 (3.0)a	57 (17.9)ab	115.698	0.000
HRV	1 (0.2)	30 (6.9)a	21 (6.6)a	27.976	0.000
HMPV	0	6 (1.4)a	9 (2.8)a	11.739	0.003
ADV	0	2 (0.5)	6 (1.9)a	8.644	0.004*
C.pn	8 (1.9)	32 (7.4)a	13 (4.1)	15.558	0.000
MP	12 (2.8)	14 (3.2)	6 (1.9)	11.282	0.527
Ct	3 (0.7)	1 (0.2)	0	2.186	0.389*
BP	7 (1.6)	1 (0.2)	5 (1.6)	5.361	0.073*
HBoV	3 (0.7)	2 (0.5)	1 (0.3)	0.582	0.777*
CoV	0	0	1 (0.3)	2.274	0.269*

^*Fisher’s exact probability test: Statistically significant difference between a and b before and during the pandemic is observed
ADV Adenovirus, BP Bordetella pertussis, C.pn Chlamydophila pneumoniae, CoV Coronavirus, Ct Chlamydia trachomatis, Flu A Influenza A virus, Flu B Influenza B virus, HBoV Human Bocavirus, HMPV Human Metapneumovirus, HRV Human Rhinovirus, MP Mycoplasma pneumoniae, NPI Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions, PIV Parainfluenza Virus, RSV Respiratory Syncytial Virus, SARS-COV-2 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, χ2 Chi-squared

ISSN: 1824-7288