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Table 7 Multivariate logistic regression analysis for factors affecting children with ADHD (Pediatric Alexandria University Hospital, 2022)

From: Association between some environmental risk factors and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder among children in Egypt: a case-control study

Independent variables

Adjusted Odds ratio (AOR)

95% CI

(LL-UL)

p-value

Age of the mother (< 20 y)

1.011

0.004–255.71

0.997

Mother with low level of education

1.29

0.16–10.40

0.81

Tobacco smoking of the mother (yes)

11.81

0.79–175.91

0.07

Exposure of the father to chemical risk factors (yes)

2.99

0.11–79.87

0.51

Using of unpackaged flour (yes)

44.47

1.83–629.80

0.032*

Using of newspaper to wrap food 3 or more times a week

105.11

11.18–988.26

0.001*

Living near high traffic street (yes)

7.77

0.69–87.12

0.096

The child’s daily watching of TV for more than 5 h

63.96

2.56–1601.32

0.011*

The child’s eating commercially packed noodles ≥ 3 times a week

57.73

3.77–593.93

0.008*

Eating sweets daily by child

6.82

1.23–37.94

0.028*

Elevated hair Lead level

0.58

0.21–1.61

0.29

Elevated hair Manganese level

3.57

1.24–10.29

0.018*

  1. OR: Odds ratio, CI: Confidence interval, LL: Lower limit, UL: Upper Limit, *: Statistically significant at p ≤ 0.05