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Table 4 Risk factors for the progression of SRNS to CKD5

From: Clinical characteristics and prognosis of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome in children: a multi-center retrospective study

Variables

Univariate Cox regression

Multivariate Cox regression

HR (95%CI)

P-value

HR (95%CI)

P-value

Steroid resistant-style (reference, uncertain)

    

 I-SRNS

0.123 (0.014, 1.069)

0.057

  

 S-SRNS

0.011 (0.001, 0.206)

0.002

0.125 (0.003, 5.966)

0.291

Age of onset

0.999 (0.987, 1.012)

0.899

  

Sex (reference, male)

    

 Female

1.748 (0.674, 4.534)

0.251

  

Nation (reference, Han)

    

 Zhuang

0.620 (0.234, 1.643)

0.336

  

 Others

0.000 (0.000, Inf )

0.998

  

Family history (reference, no)

    

 Yes

7.320 (2.582, 20.756)

< 0.001

2.046 (0.344, 12.169)

0.431

Extra-kidney manifestations (reference, no)

    

 Yes

1.817 (0.525, 6.295)

0.346

  

24-hour urinary protein

1.000 (0.999, 1.000)

0.124

  

Scr

1.003 (1.001, 1.004)

< 0.001

1.003 (1.000, 1.007)

0.038

eGFR

0.986 (0.976, 0.996)

0.005

1.001 (0.996, 1.007)

0.624

Hypertension (reference, no)

    

 Yes

1.929 (0.728, 5.110)

0.186

  

Kidney biopsy (reference, MCD)

    

 FSGS

4.205 (0.888, 19.919)

0.070

  

 MsPGN

5.196 (0.725, 37.233)

0.101

  

 MN

10.456 (0.905, 120.788)

0.060

  

 DMS

21.715 (1.929, 244.396)

0.013

0.209 (0.002, 28.620)

0.533

Hematuria (reference, no)

    

 Yes

2.243 (0.885, 5.682)

0.089

  

Response to immune therapy (reference, no use)

    

 Valid

0.133 (0.018, 0.961)

0.046

0.320 (0.011, 9.095)

0.504

 Invalid

1.575 (0.355, 6.996)

0.550

  

AKI (reference, no)

    

  Yes

4.419 (1.669, 11.703)

0.003

4.829 (1.113, 20.947)

0.035