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Table 2 Proposals for future directions

From: Challenges and opportunities in pediatric residency: an analysis of the increasing number of residents in Italy

Standardizing training programs

Implementing a national curriculum that ensures consistent training quality across all regions, guaranteeing national/international exchanges for a minimum period of 6 months to all residents.

Enhancing clinical autonomy

Providing residents with more opportunities for independent clinical practice under supervision since the first years.

Progressive autonomy

Ensure a legalized progressive level of autonomy for residents, allowing them to take on greater responsibility in diagnosis and therapy starting from their third year, especially in light of recent changes in early assumption in primary/secondary hospitals.

Increasing training resources

Investing in training facilities and faculties to accommodate the increased number of residents.

Uniform subspecialty training opportunities

Guarantee uniform opportunities for all residents to train in subspecialties during the final two years, particularly focusing on community medicine and emergency medicine.

Promoting research

Allocating dedicated research time and resources to encourage scientific inquiry.