Table 1 Baseline clinical characteristics of childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus patients: a comparative analysis of individuals with and without musculoskeletal manifestations (N = 321)
Parameters* | Overall (N = 321) | MSK manifestation (n = 134) | Non-MSK manifestation (n = 187) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | 0.498 | |||
Male | 293 (91.3) | 10 (7.5) | 18 (9.6) | |
Female | 28 (8.7) | 124 (92.5) | 169 (90.4) | |
Age at SLE diagnosis (year) | 13.2 ± 2.5 | 13.7 ± 2.5 | 12.8 ± 2.3 | 0.001 |
Duration from onset to SLE diagnosis (month) | 1.0 (0.8–1.9) | 1.0 (0.9–2.4) | 1.0 (0.7–1.3) | 0.012 |
Duration of SLE disease (year) | 4.4 (2.1–7.0) | 4.6 (2.6–7.5) | 4.0 (1.8–6.6) | 0.029 |
SLEDAI-2K | 11.3 ± 5.0 | 11.9 ± 5.3 | 10.7 ± 4.7 | 0.031 |
Mucocutaneous manifestation | ||||
Acute cutaneous lupus | 164 (51.1) | 74 (55.2%) | 90 (48.1%) | 0.210 |
Chronic cutaneous lupus | 66 (20.6) | 31 (23.1%) | 35 (18.7%) | 0.334 |
Oral ulcer | 132 (41.1) | 59 (44.0%) | 73 (39.0%) | 0.370 |
Nonscarring alopecia | 39 (12.1) | 22 (16.4%) | 17 (9.1%) | 0.048 |
Serositis | 52 (16.2) | 17 (12.7%) | 35 (18.7%) | 0.148 |
Hematologic | ||||
Anemia | 85 (26.5) | 24 (17.9) | 61 (32.6) | 0.003 |
Leukopenia | 154 (48.0) | 65 (48.5) | 89 (47.6) | 0.872 |
Thrombocytopenia | 57 (17.8) | 17 (12.7) | 40 (21.4) | 0.044 |
Renal | 179 (55.8) | 55 (41.0) | 124 (66.3) | < 0.001 |
Neuropsychiatric | 18 (5.6) | 12 (9.0) | 6 (3.2) | 0.027 |
Complete blood count | ||||
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 9.6 ± 2.0 | 9.9 ± 1.9 | 9.3 ± 2.1 | 0.012 |
WBC (cells/mm3) | 5100 (3595, 8540) | 5050 (3500, 7905.5) | 5100 (3650, 9440) | 0.480 |
ALC (cells/mm3) | 1298 (882, 1880) | 1309.50 (843, 1610.2) | 1287 (900, 2048) | 0.304 |
Platelet count (cells/mm3) | 226 000 (137 000, 316 500) | 260 000 (167 000, 321 250) | 206 000 (108 000, 295 000) | 0.015 |
ESR (mm/h) | 59 (34, 82.5) | 61 (40, 89) | 56.5 (31, 80) | 0.123 |
CRP (mg/L) | 4.6 (1.7, 10.5) | 6.5 (3.9, 16.9) | 1.6 (1.0, 9.2) | 0.123 |
Presence of anti-dsDNA | 281 (87.5) | 119 (88.8) | 162 (86.6) | 0.561 |
Presence of anti-Smith | 44 (13.7) | 20 (14.9) | 24 (12.8) | 0.591 |
Presence of APS | 85 (26.5) | 35 (26.1) | 50 (26.7) | 0.901 |
Presence of DAT | 61 (19.0) | 30 (22.4) | 31 (16.6) | 0.191 |
Hypocomplementemia | 255 (79.4) | 99 (73.9) | 156 (83.4) | 0.037 |