Table 3 Summary of studies exploring the factors affecting the VRC Ctrough in pediatric patients
From: Clinical application of voriconazole in pediatric patients: a systematic review
Study design | Age (years) | No. of samples | Year | Country | Main results and conclusions | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Retrospective, single-center study | 0–18 | 20 | 2016 | Japan | Younger age and oral administration were significantly associated with lower VRC Ctrough. | Kato et al. [9] |
Retrospective, single-center study | 0–12 | 107 | 2017 | China | The co-administration of omeprazole significantly increased VRC Ctrough. There was a significant positive correlation between VRC Ctrough and Scr levels, and a negative correlation with ALB levels. | Liu et al. [10] |
Retrospective, single-center study | < 18 | 237 | 2018 | Italy | There was a positive correlation between VRC dose and plasma exposure. Patients with higher Scr levels had higher VRC Ctrough. Additionally, there was a positive correlation between VRC Ctrough and age. Males exhibited higher median Ctrough than females. | Allegra et al. [22] |
Retrospective, single-center study | < 18 | 232 | 2018 | Italy | SLCO1B3 rs4149117 c.334 GT/TT, ABCG2 rs13120400 c.1194 + 928 CC and ABCC2 rs717620 c.-24 GA/AA genotype significantly affected VRC Ctrough. | Allegra et al. [23] |
Retrospective, single-center study | 2–14 | 42 | 2018 | China | Intravenous administration and co-administration of PPI significantly increased initial VRC Ctrough. | Hu et al. [11] |
Retrospective, single-center study | < 18 | 33 | 2019 | Chile | Patients with carriers of the CYP2C19*17 polymorphism (rs12248560) variant presented significantly lower VRC Ctrough than non-carriers. | Espinoza et al. [24] |
Retrospective, single-center and cohort study | < 18 | 61 | 2020 | Korea | Oral administration and CRP levels were associated with low initial VRC Ctrough. ALT levels were associated with a high initial VRC Ctrough. | Kang et al. [25] |
Non-interventional retrospective clinical study | 2–18 | 94 | 2021 | China | Age, WT, dose, DBil, BUN and CYP2C19 phenotypes were found to be influencing factors of VRC Ctrough. | Zhao et al. [26] |
Retrospective, single-center study | < 18 | 108 | 2021 | China | Age, combination medication with PPIs and CYP2C19 phenotype accounted for some of variability in VRC Ctrough. | Tian et al. [12] |
Prospective, single-center study | 2–12 | 28 | 2021 | Spain | Severe hypoalbuminemia, markedly elevated CRP were associated with inadequate VRC Ctrough. | Valle-T-Figueras et al. [27] |
Retrospective, single-center study | < 18 | 104 | 2021 | China | CRP levels significantly associated with VRC PK in children aged 11–18 years but not in 2–10 years. | Luo et al. [28] |
Retrospective, single-center study | < 18 | 91 | 2022 | China | CYP2C19 phenotypes, CRP concentrations, age, and the presence of immunosuppressants were associated with the VRC PK. | Chen et al. [13] |
Retrospective, single-center study | 1 to 18 | 59 | 2022 | China | CYP2C19 phenotypes affected initial VRC Ctrough. | Chen et al. [29] |
Retrospective, single-center study | 0.5 months to 17 | 36 | 2022 | Switzerland | CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 polymorphisms and drug transporters ABCC2 and ABCG2, combination medication levetiracetam, ciprofloxacin, and propranolol affected VRC Ctrough. | Tilen et al. [30] |
Prospectively single-center study | 2 to 14 | 68 | 2022 | China | VRC Ctrough of patients with CYP2C19*2 or CYP2C19*3 were significantly higher than that with wild-type carriers. | Fan et al. [31] |
Retrospective, single-center study | 2 to 14 | 131 | 2023 | China | CYP2C19 polymorphisms, co-administration of omeprazole, ALB and ALT levels affected VRC Ctrough. | Hu et al. [14] |