Table 2 Summary of previously reported GBS patients with acute bulbar palsy and facial paralysis
From: A case of variant of GBS with positive serum ganglioside GD3 IgG antibody
No. | Age | Sex | Bulbar palsy | Facial palsy | Initial symptoms | Other symptoms | Deep tendon reflexes | CSF albuminocytological dissociation | antiganglioside antibodies | Treatment | Follow-up |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Our case | 13y | F | √ | asymmetric bifacial | facial weakness | transient limb numbness | Normal | No | IgG anti-GD3 | IVIG | remarkably improved after 3 weeks |
Dukkipati et al. [10] | 3y | F | √ | asymmetric bifacial | facial weakness | dysphagia, dysphonia, ataxia | Absent | Yes | Negative | IVIG | Recovery on three-month follow-up |
Rojas-Garcia et al. [11]. | 54y | M | √ | bifacial | dysarthria, dysphagia | masticatory muscle and tongue weakness | Normal | Yes | IgG anti-GM3, GD1a, GT1b | IVIG | Mild improvement after 1 year |
Yadav et al. [12] | 10 m | M | √ | unilateral | facial deviation, dysphagia | nasal intonation | Decreased | NA | NA | Support treatment | recovery after 4 months |
Sharma et al. [13] | 5y | M | √ | unilateral | limb pain, difficulty walking | ataxia | Absent | Yes | NA | IVIG | remarkably improved after 2 weeks |
Ray et al. [14] | 13y | F | √ | unilateral | facial deviation, dysphagia | nasal intonation, areflexia | Absent | NA | NA | physiotherapy | Improvement within next 4 weeks |
Onodera et al. [15] | 29y | M | √ | bifacial | difficulty in speaking and swallowing | mild neck weakness | Normal | Yes | IgG anti-GT1a | plasmapheresis | recovery after one month |
Yu et al. [16] | 48y | M | √ | bilateral symmetrical | bilateral ptosis | diplopia, dysarthria, dysphagia | Normal | Yes | IgG anti-GQ1b | IVIG | mild diplopia, dysphonia, dysphagia after 11 weeks |
Tan et al. [17] | 57y | F | √ | unilateral | altered sensation of extremities, ptosis, diplopia, slurred speech, difficulty swallowing | limb weakness, respiratory muscle weakness | Absent | Yes | IgG anti-GQ1b, GT1a | plasma exchange | facial weakness resolved completely by day 43, ophthalmoplegia improve on day 40, ambulate with a walking frame on day 44 |
Kim et al. [3] | 20y | F | √ | unilateral | gait ataxia | external ophthalmoplegia, areflexia | Absent | No (day 2) | IgG anti-GT1a, GQ1b | IVIG | full recovery after 6 weeks |
Kim et al. [3] | 54y | F | √ | unilateral | dysarthria | external ophthalmoplegia, areflexia, sensory abnormality, gait ataxia | Absent | No (day 2) | IgG anti-GT1a, GQ1b, IgM anti-GT1a, GQ1b | IVIG | full recovery after 7 weeks |
Kim et al. [3] | 26y | F | √ | unilateral | diplopia | external ophthalmoplegia, areflexia, sensory abnormality, gait ataxia | Absent | No (day 2) | IgG anti-GT1a, IgM anti-GT1a | IVIG | full recovery after 16 weeks |
Kim et al. [3] | 21y | M | √ | unilateral | dysarthria, dysphagia | external ophthalmoplegia, areflexia, | Absent | Not determined | IgG anti-GT1a, GQ1b | IVIG | full recovery after 7 weeks |
Kim et al. [3] | 27y | M | √ | unilateral | diplopia | external/internal ophthalmoplegia, areflexia, sensory abnormality, gait ataxia | Absent | Yes | IgG anti-GT1a | IVIG | not fully recovered after 30 weeks |
Kim et al. [3] | 20y | M | √ | unilateral | numbness of limbs | external ophthalmoplegia, areflexia, sensory abnormality, gait ataxia | Absent | No (day 2) | IgG anti-GQ1b, GT1a, GM2 | IVIG | full recovery after 4 weeks |
Edvardsson et al. [18] | 54y | M | √ | bilateral | diplopia | external ophthalmoplegia | Normal | Yes | IgG anti-GQ1b | IVIG | full recovery after 8 weeks |
Pavone et al. [19] | 10y | M | √ | bilateral symmetrical | left ptosis, diplopia, dysarthria | external/internal ophthalmoplegia, masticatory muscle and tongue weakness | Normal | No | Negative | Steroids, IVIG | full recovery after 8 weeks |
Lyu et al. [20] | 67y | F | √ | unilateral | diplopia, numbness of limbs | external ophthalmoplegia, sensory abnormality | Normal | Yes | Not determined | None | full recovery after 3 weeks |
Lyu et al. [20] | 33y | M | √ | bilateral | diplopia, facial palsy, dysarthria | external ophthalmoplegia, | Normal | Yes | Not determined | IVIG | full recovery after 6 weeks |
Lyu et al. [20] | 47y | M | √ | bilateral | unilateral facial palsy, slurred speech, a tendency to choke | external ophthalmoplegia, sensory abnormality | Normal | Yes | IgG anti-GQ1b | None | completely recovered within 1 year |
Kamakura et al. [21] | 23y | F | √ | unilateral | numbness of limbs | sensory abnormality, gait ataxia | Normal | Yes | IgG anti-GQ1b, GT1a | plasma exchange | full recovery (exact time unknown) |
Koga et al. [22] | 34y | F | √ | NA | dysarthria, dysphagia, numbness of limbs | external ophthalmoplegia, areflexia, sensory abnormality | Absent | Not determined | IgG anti-GM1b, GT1a, IgM anti-GM1b, GT1a | plasma exchange | mild ophthalmoplegia (5 months) |
Koga et al. [22] | 29y | F | √ | NA | dysarthria, dysphagia, numbness of limbs | external ophthalmoplegia, areflexia, sensory abnormality | Absent | Not determined | IgG anti-GT1a, GQ1b, GM1b, IgM anti-GM1b, GT1a, GQ1b, GalNAc-GD1a | None | mild ophthalmoplegia (4 weeks) |
Banerji et al. [23] | 41y | F | √ | bilateral | dysarthria, dysphagia, gait ataxia | external ophthalmoplegia, areflexia | Absent | Yes | Not determined | None | full recovery after 2 weeks |